Alternative DNS root: Difference between revisions
From Cibernética Americana
Jump to navigationJump to search
m Protected "Alternative DNS root" ([edit=autoconfirmed] (indefinite) [move=autoconfirmed] (indefinite)) |
No edit summary |
||
| (21 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
== Dominion Lede == | |||
The [[Internet Architecture Board]] has spoken out strongly against alternate roots in RFC 2826, "IAB Technical Comment on the Unique DNS Root". | :''[[Dominion|Go Here]]'' | ||
I have conceived and implemented a ''private'' TLD domain system based on standard open source software which I call a ''dominion''. A "dominion" is really just the '''aii.biz''' scheme for peer-peer routing based on such software in an ordinary Bind 9 IP V6 namespace although that encompasses quite a bit. | |||
In my construct, each peer operates a complete name space into which the public internet maps under the operators control. The five ICANN domains constituting my dominion are unified in the ''dominion'' wik-cso.dom which is just the top level name I have reserved for myself in interfacing with other autonomous peers. The dominion system assumes a number of elements generally optional until now are uniformly enabled. In particular IPV6, Mutlicasting, and the maintenance of ones own TLD are assumed and each domain is assumed to be an agency for a set of identified persons. It is this latter TLD collaboration which constitutes the dominion system. Names at the top level are claimed FCFS as peers join the network, with <b>.dom</b> reserved for my source network. | |||
== English Lede == | |||
:''[[:en:Alternative DNS root|Go There]]'' | |||
The general public [[:en:Internet|internat]] uses a [[:en:Domain Name System|DNS]] to associate the names of computers with their [[:en:IP_address|numeric addresses]]. Names are resolved in a recursive process from the front of a name like '''en.wikipedia.org''' to the last or [[:en:top-level domain|top-level domain]] name (TLDs, in the example ".org"). These TLDs are controlled by so-called 'root servers' authorized in various regions of the earth by different organizations and in the United States by the [[:en:Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers|ICANN]]. As an alternative to this global system of inter-operating sanctioned authorities various organizations operate '''alternative DNS roots''' (often referred to as '''alt roots''') and administer their own specific name spaces including the TLDs. | |||
{{TOCleft}} | |||
The [[:en:Internet Architecture Board|IAB]] has spoken out strongly against alternate roots in RFC 2826, "IAB Technical Comment on the Unique DNS Root". | |||
== Description == | == Description == | ||
The '[[DNS root zone]]', generally, consists of pointers to authoritative DNS servers for Generic Top Level Domain (like .com and .net) and Country Code Top Level Domain zones (like .us, .uk, and .tv). | The '[[:en:DNS root zone|DNS root zone]]', generally, consists of pointers to authoritative DNS servers for Generic Top Level Domain (like .com and .net) and Country Code Top Level Domain zones (like .us, .uk, and .tv). | ||
A collection of "traditional" root servers independently operated by many organizations around the internet use a specific list of these domains which is managed by ICANN. | A collection of "traditional" root servers independently operated by many organizations around the internet use a specific list of these domains which is managed by ICANN. | ||
| Line 12: | Line 24: | ||
Alternative DNS roots can in general be divided into three groups: those run for idealistic or ideological reasons, those run as profit-making enterprises, and those run internally by an organization for its own use. | Alternative DNS roots can in general be divided into three groups: those run for idealistic or ideological reasons, those run as profit-making enterprises, and those run internally by an organization for its own use. | ||
Whilst technically trivial to set up, actually running a reliable root server network in the long run is a serious undertaking, requiring multiple servers to be kept running 24/7 in geographically diverse locations. During the [[dot-com boom]], some alt-root providers believed that there were substantial profits to be made from providing alternative top-level domains. | Whilst technically trivial to set up, actually running a reliable root server network in the long run is a serious undertaking, requiring multiple servers to be kept running 24/7 in geographically diverse locations. During the [[:en:dot-com boom|dot-com boom]], some alt-root providers believed that there were substantial profits to be made from providing alternative top-level domains. | ||
Only a small proportion of ISPs actually use any of the zones served by alt-root operators, generally sticking to the ICANN-specified root servers. This in turn led to the commercial failure of several alternative DNS root providers. | Only a small proportion of ISPs actually use any of the zones served by alt-root operators, generally sticking to the ICANN-specified root servers. This in turn led to the commercial failure of several alternative DNS root providers. | ||
A | A '''.biz''' TLD created by Pacific Root was in operation before ICANN approved a '''[[:en:.biz|.biz]]''' run by Neulevel, and for some time after the creation of the ICANN-sanctioned '''.biz''' several alt roots continued to resolve '''.biz''' to Pacific Root's rather than Neulevel's. There were therefore '''.biz''' domain names that existed in different roots and pointed to different [[:en:IP address|IP address]]es. The possibility of such conflicts, and their potential for destabilizing the Internet, is the main source of controversy surrounding alt roots. Many of the alternate roots try to coordinate with each other, but many do not - and they have no conflict resolution procedure between them. | ||
==List of alternative roots and the non-ICANN zones they include== | ==List of alternative roots and the non-ICANN zones they include== | ||
| Line 29: | Line 41: | ||
=== OpenNIC === | === OpenNIC === | ||
Public Access Website: [http://www.opennicproject.org] | Public Access Website: [http://www.opennicproject.org] | ||
* | * '''.bbs''' — aimed toward ( [[Telnet]] style ) Bulletin Board System servers, and affiliated/related/owned websites. | ||
* | * '''.dyn''' — Approved by the OpenNIC Community, and will be introduced in mid-2008. Used to resolve Dynamic DNS. | ||
* | * '''.free''' — non-commercial use of the internet | ||
* | * '''.fur''' — [[Furry]] and [[Furry fandom|Furry Fandom]] related sites | ||
* | * '''.geek''' — anything geeky | ||
* | * '''.glue''' — Sites related to infrastructure | ||
* | * '''.indy''' — Independent News and Media | ||
* | * '''.ing''' — fun TLD. Further details to be confirmed | ||
* | * '''.null''' — miscellaneous non-commercial individual sites | ||
* | * '''.oss''' — Open Source Software | ||
* | * '''.parody''' — Parodies | ||
* | * '''.eco''' — Intended for the use in [[:en:socially responsible investing|socially responsible investing]] (SRI) and ecological [[cooperatives]], wholly owned subsidiaries, and other organisations that exist to promote or support the said [[co-operative]]. | ||
See [[OpenNIC]] [[Wikipedia]] entry for further detail and historical information. | See [[OpenNIC]] [[Wikipedia]] entry for further detail and historical information. | ||
| Line 51: | Line 63: | ||
=== New.Net === | === New.Net === | ||
Website: [http://www.new.net/] | Website: [http://www.new.net/] | ||
* | * '''.agent''' — | ||
* | * '''.arts''' — | ||
* | * '''.auction''' — | ||
* | * '''.chat''' — | ||
* | * '''.shop''' — | ||
* | * '''.free''' — | ||
* | * '''.golf''' — | ||
* | * '''.llc''' — | ||
* | * '''.llp''' — | ||
* | * '''.love''' — | ||
* | * '''.ltd''' — | ||
* | * '''.school''' — | ||
* | * '''.scifi''' — | ||
* | * '''.soc''' — | ||
* | * '''.video''' — | ||
* | * '''[[.travel]]''' — conflicts with ICANN-sanctioned TLD | ||
* | * '''.tech''' — | ||
* | * '''.kids''' — | ||
* | * '''.church''' — | ||
* | * '''.game''' — | ||
* | * '''.mp3''' — | ||
* | * '''.med''' — | ||
* | * '''.mail''' - | ||
* | * '''[[.xxx]]''' — | ||
* | * '''.club''' — | ||
* | * '''.inc''' — | ||
* | * '''.law''' — | ||
* | * '''.family''' — | ||
* | * '''.sport''' — | ||
=== UnifiedRoot === | === UnifiedRoot === | ||
| Line 105: | Line 117: | ||
Website: [http://www.open-rsc.org/] | Website: [http://www.open-rsc.org/] | ||
* | * '''.per''' — personal pages | ||
* | * '''.etc''' — anything | ||
* | * '''.web''' — for the web | ||
* | * '''.shop''' — online shops | ||
* | * '''.pickle''' — just a general funny name | ||
* | * '''.sco''' — for Scottish culture | ||
* | * '''.mail''' - a tld for email - to reduce spam and clearly identify email servers. | ||
=== Inactive public root zones === | === Inactive public root zones === | ||
[[AlterNIC]] (stopped in 1997) | [[AlterNIC]] (stopped in 1997) | ||
* | * '''.exp''' — | ||
* | * '''.llc''' — | ||
* | * '''.lnx''' — | ||
* | * '''.ltd''' — | ||
* | * '''.med''' — | ||
* | * '''.nic''' — | ||
* | * '''.noc''' — | ||
* | * '''.porn''' — | ||
* | * '''[[.xxx]]''' — | ||
[[eDNS (alternative DNS root)|eDNS]] (stopped in 1998) | [[eDNS (alternative DNS root)|eDNS]] (stopped in 1998) | ||
* | * '''.biz''' — General business use | ||
* | * '''.corp''' — For use by corporations | ||
* | * '''.fam''' — For and about Family | ||
* | * '''.k12''' — For and about Kids | ||
* | * '''.npo''' — Non-profit organizations | ||
* | * '''.per''' — Personal Domain Name services | ||
* | * '''.web''' — Web-based sites (ie: web pages) | ||
[http://www.iperdome.com/ Iperdome] (stopped in 1999) | [http://www.iperdome.com/ Iperdome] (stopped in 1999) | ||
* | * '''.per''' — Personal Domain Name services | ||
* see the [http://www.iperdome.com/releases/990924.htm announcement] | * see the [http://www.iperdome.com/releases/990924.htm announcement] | ||
* later the TLDs changed to: | * later the TLDs changed to: | ||
** | ** '''.biz''' — General business use | ||
** | ** '''.corp''' — For use by corporations | ||
** | ** '''.gay''' — For and about the Gay Community | ||
** | ** '''.k12''' — For and about Kids | ||
** | ** '''.npo''' — Non-profit organizations | ||
** | ** '''.pol''' — Related to Poland and Polish organizations | ||
** | ** '''.web''' — Web-based sites (ie: web pages) | ||
=== Active private root zones === | === Active private root zones === | ||
| Line 154: | Line 166: | ||
<table align="right" border="0"><tr><td>{{GTLD}}</td></tr></table><!-- float: right hack for legacy browsers --> | <table align="right" border="0"><tr><td>{{GTLD}}</td></tr></table><!-- float: right hack for legacy browsers --> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[OpenDNS]] | *[[:en:OpenDNS|OpenDNS]] | ||
*[[RealNames]] | *[[:en:RealNames|RealNames]] | ||
*[[SocialDNS]] | *[[:en:SocialDNS|SoxialDNS]] | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
| Line 167: | Line 179: | ||
*[http://www.dnsadvantage.com/ Dns Advantage] | *[http://www.dnsadvantage.com/ Dns Advantage] | ||
*[http://www.circleid.com/posts/why_i_am_participating_in_the_orsn_project/ ORSN Discussed on CircleID] | *[http://www.circleid.com/posts/why_i_am_participating_in_the_orsn_project/ ORSN Discussed on CircleID] | ||
