Vladimir Lenin: Difference between revisions
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{{ | :''Cloned from [[:en:Vladimir Lenin]] 2011-06-25'' | ||
'''Vladimir Ilyich Lenin''' (22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924), was a [[Russia]]n [[revolutionary]], author, lawyer, economic theorist, [[political philosopher]], creator of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Soviet Communist Party]], [[leader]] of the [[October Revolution|1917 October Revolution]], and founder of the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|USSR]]. As head of the [[Bolsheviks]] (1917–1924) he led the [[Red Army]] to victory in the [[Russian Civil War]], before establishing the world's first officially [[Socialism (Marxism)|socialist]] state. | |||
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As a theorist, his extensive theoretical and [[philosophy|philosophical]] contributions to [[Marxism]] produced [[Leninism]].<ref>Триумф и Трагедия И. В. Сталин: политический портрет. (''Triumph and Tragedy – I. V. Stalin : A Political Portrait'') Дмитрий Волкогонов (Dmitriy Volkogonov). Book 1, Part 1, pp. 95–114. Новости Publications. Moscow. 1989.</ref> As the principal founder of the first socialist state he is without peer in the practical application of that theory and his early death is widely credited as the subjective factor ultimately responsible for the degeneration of the Russian Revolution into the Stalinist state.<ref>[http://www.socialistappeal.org/faq/stalinism.html ''The Rise of Stalinsim''] socialistappeal.org</ref><ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/james-clr/works/world/ch07.htm ''Stalin Kills the 1923 Revolution''] C.L.R. James, §: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF 1923 </ref><ref>[http://www.newstatesman.com/200002280021 ''The [[New Statesman]] Interview - [[Barbara Castle]]'' ] </ref> | |||
{{Infobox officeholder | {{Infobox officeholder | ||
|name = Vladimir Ilyich Lenin | |name = Vladimir Ilyich Lenin | ||
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|signature = Unterschrift_Lenins.svg | |signature = Unterschrift_Lenins.svg | ||
}} | }} | ||
==Early life and background== | ==Early life and background== | ||
Lenin was born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov ({{lang-rus|Владимир Ильич Ульянов}}) on {{OldStyleDate|22 April|1870|10 April}} in the town of [[Simbirsk]] in the [[Russian Empire]]. Simbirsk, a rural town on the [[River Volga]] nearly 1,500 miles from the capital [[Saint Petersburg]], would be renamed upon Ulyanov's death fifty-four years later as "Ulyanovsk" in his honour. That same year, Saint Petersburg itself would be renamed Leningrad after Ulyanov's better-known [[Pseudonym|cadre name]]. [[File:Lenin Age 4.jpg|left|thumb|135px|"Volodya", aged three]] | Lenin was born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov ({{lang-rus|Владимир Ильич Ульянов}}) on {{OldStyleDate|22 April|1870|10 April}} in the town of [[Simbirsk]] in the [[Russian Empire]]. Simbirsk, a rural town on the [[River Volga]] nearly 1,500 miles from the capital [[Saint Petersburg]], would be renamed upon Ulyanov's death fifty-four years later as "Ulyanovsk" in his honour. That same year, Saint Petersburg itself would be renamed Leningrad after Ulyanov's better-known [[Pseudonym|cadre name]]. [[File:Lenin Age 4.jpg|left|thumb|135px|"Volodya", aged three]] | ||
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===Red Terror=== | ===Red Terror=== | ||
{{Main|Red Terror}} | |||
[[File:Tov lenin ochishchaet.jpg|thumb|upright|right|200px|A picture saying, "Comrade Lenin Cleanses the Earth of Filth"]] | [[File:Tov lenin ochishchaet.jpg|thumb|upright|right|200px|A picture saying, "Comrade Lenin Cleanses the Earth of Filth"]] | ||
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==Legacy== | ==Legacy== | ||
{{Cquote2|As influential as he was in life, Lenin may have been more so in death. Over 100 million have lined up to view [[Lenin's Mausoleum|his mummified body]]. His memory has been used to support every change in Soviet policy and every new regime since his death. His theories inspired the successful revolutions of [[Fidel Castro]], [[Mao Zedong]], and [[Ho Chi Minh]]; as well as countless other revolutionaries in countries full of oppressed and powerless people.| ''Vladimir Lenin: Voice of Revolution'', [[A&E Network|A&E]] [[Biography (TV series)|Biography]], 2005 <ref name = "LeninDoc" />}} | {{Cquote2|As influential as he was in life, Lenin may have been more so in death. Over 100 million have lined up to view [[Lenin's Mausoleum|his mummified body]]. His memory has been used to support every change in Soviet policy and every new regime since his death. His theories inspired the successful revolutions of [[Fidel Castro]], [[Mao Zedong]], and [[Ho Chi Minh]]; as well as countless other revolutionaries in countries full of oppressed and powerless people.| ''Vladimir Lenin: Voice of Revolution'', [[A&E Network|A&E]] [[Biography (TV series)|Biography]], 2005 <ref name = "LeninDoc" />}} | ||
[[Image:URSS_1_rublo_centenario_nascita_Lenin.JPG| Commemorative [[Soviet rouble|one rouble]] coin minted in 1970, in honor of Lenin's 100th birthday.|thumb|upright|right]] | |||
When Lenin died on January 21, 1924, near Moscow, he was acclaimed as "the greatest genius of mankind" and "the leader and teacher of the peoples of the whole world."<ref name = "1968Encyclopedia">[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Vladimir_Ilyich_Lenin.aspx Lenin] entry from the ''[[International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences]]'', 1968</ref> Historian [[J. Arch Getty]] has remarked that "Lenin deserves a lot of credit for the notion that the meek can inherit the earth, that there can be a political movement based on [[social justice]] and [[Social equality|equality]]."<ref name = "LeninDoc" /> ''Time Magazine'' also named Lenin one of the [[Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century|100 most important people of the 20th century]],<ref>[http://205.188.238.181/time/time100/leaders/profile/lenin.html Time 100:Vladimir Lenin] by David Remnick, April 13, 1998.</ref> and one of their top 25 political icons of all time; remarking that "for decades, [[Marxist-Leninist]] rebellions shook the world while Lenin's embalmed corpse lay in repose in the [[Red Square]]."<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2046285_2045996_2046096,00.html Top 25 Political Icons: Lenin] by Feifei Sun, ''[[Time Magazine]]'', February 4, 2011</ref> Following the dissolution of the USSR in 1991, reverence for Lenin declined among the post-Soviet generations, yet he remains an important historical figure for the Soviet-era generations.<ref> | When Lenin died on January 21, 1924, near Moscow, he was acclaimed as "the greatest genius of mankind" and "the leader and teacher of the peoples of the whole world."<ref name = "1968Encyclopedia">[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Vladimir_Ilyich_Lenin.aspx Lenin] entry from the ''[[International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences]]'', 1968</ref> Historian [[J. Arch Getty]] has remarked that "Lenin deserves a lot of credit for the notion that the meek can inherit the earth, that there can be a political movement based on [[social justice]] and [[Social equality|equality]]."<ref name = "LeninDoc" /> ''Time Magazine'' also named Lenin one of the [[Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century|100 most important people of the 20th century]],<ref>[http://205.188.238.181/time/time100/leaders/profile/lenin.html Time 100:Vladimir Lenin] by David Remnick, April 13, 1998.</ref> and one of their top 25 political icons of all time; remarking that "for decades, [[Marxist-Leninist]] rebellions shook the world while Lenin's embalmed corpse lay in repose in the [[Red Square]]."<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2046285_2045996_2046096,00.html Top 25 Political Icons: Lenin] by Feifei Sun, ''[[Time Magazine]]'', February 4, 2011</ref> Following the dissolution of the USSR in 1991, reverence for Lenin declined among the post-Soviet generations, yet he remains an important historical figure for the Soviet-era generations.<ref> | ||
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==See also== | ==See also== | ||
{ | {| | ||
| | |||
*[[Leninism]] | *[[Leninism]] | ||
*[[Lenin's national policy]] | *[[Lenin's national policy]] | ||
*[[History of the Jews in Russia#Soviet Union before World War II|Lenin's stance on anti-Semitism]] | *[[History of the Jews in Russia#Soviet Union before World War II|Lenin's stance on anti-Semitism]] | ||
*[[Marxist–Leninist atheism]] | *[[Marxist–Leninist atheism]] | ||
| | |||
*[[Lenin's Testament]] | *[[Lenin's Testament]] | ||
*[[Anti-Leninism]] | *[[Anti-Leninism]] | ||
*[[Lenin Prize]] | *[[Lenin Prize]] | ||
*[[Lenin Peace Prize]] | *[[Lenin Peace Prize]] | ||
| | |||
*[[Order of Lenin]] | *[[Order of Lenin]] | ||
*[[Lenin's Mausoleum]] | *[[Lenin's Mausoleum]] | ||
*[[List of statues of Lenin]] | *[[List of statues of Lenin]] | ||
*[[List of places named after Lenin]] | *[[List of places named after Lenin]] | ||
|} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
